ALLOCHTHONOUS MASSES are common structures in Zagros fold-thrust belt. They are generally considered as collapse structures formed by the influence of gravity and in rock units with competency contrast. However, large ALLOCHTHONOUS MASSES mapped in Dowgonbadan area in Dezful Embayment near the Mountain Front Fault (MFF) of Zagros show characteristics different from the belt common collapse structures. In this paper, the influences of both gravity and thrusting on development of these MASSES are presented. Evidences such as the volume of the MASSES, the greater spacing between the MASSES and their origin, and the occurrence of crushed zone on the base of the MASSES are considered as criteria to separate these MASSES from common collapse structures and are classified as thrust related collapse structures. Thus, thrust faults as well as gravity are proposed as the main features controling the development of these types of collapse structures in the Zagros.

Background: Neck MASSES especially lymph node enlargement, comprise a high percent of complaints in ENT departments. Objective: To review the data files of neck MASSES especially lymph nodes and to find etiology of them. Methods: Through a descriptive study, files and pathology reports of 213 patients who were admitted for biopsy in an ENT department for chief complaints of neck mass were reviewed. Findings: It was revealed that thyrid gland, salivary gland, lymph nodes and congenital MASSES were the four common causes of neck mass, in descending sequence. Lymph nodes comprised 24% of the total in which enlargement of 50% of cases was due to primary or metastatic malignancies which were more frequent in individuals under 20 years of age and in males. The most common cause of cervical adenopathy was metastasis that was frequently seen in SCC of nasopharyngeal or oral cavity region, in the 6th decade of life. In children and young adults reactive lymph nodes and lymphoma were more common. Tuberculosis as the second cause of cervical adenopathy is still frequent. Conclusion: A clear picture of the etiology of neck MASSES was revealed in this study.  

Echocardiography plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of patients with an intracardiac mass. The ability to distinguish tissue characteristics, location, attachment, shape, size, and mobility non-invasively, quickly, and without the use of ionizing radiation makes echocardiography the ideal diagnostic modality. With careful attention to mass location and morphology, and appropriate application of clinical information, echocardiography can usually distinguish between the three principal intracardiac MASSES: tumor, thrombus, and vegetation. Equivocal transthoracic findings typically indicate the need for a transesophageal evaluation, during which the atria and great vessels might be better imaged. Surgical intervention is often indicated based on possible echocardiographic findings, without the need for additional time-consuming procedures. This review will focus on cardiac tumors.

Introduction & Objective: Regarding low incidence of retro peritoneal MASSES and related surgeries, we studied the results of surgical approaches for these MASSES (except prostate) in recent years to justify success of early surgery, in low stage retroperitoneal MASSES.Materials & Methods: We studied 17 patients with retroperitoneal MASSES who had undergone extensive surgery in Hasheminejad Kidney Center, since ten years ago.Results: Six of seventeen patients had pelvic soft tissue sarcoma, three cases had tumors with neural origin, two cases with seminal vesicol carcinoma, two cases with retroperitoneal fibrosis, one case with endometriosis, one case with grem-cell tumor, following UDT, and one case with pelvic abscess following GU- manipulation. In most of the patients, disease free survival was more than five years.12 of 17 patients have had tumor without invasion to vital pelvic organ and bladder, which 92% of them (11 patients), had five years survival. In parallel 29% of patients (5 of 17 patients) had a tumor with invasion to pelvic vital organ or peritoneum. None of them had a five year survival.We have seen three local invasions in five patients (30%) that tumor resection was performed for thereof them. The pathologic stage and negative surgical margin of tumor were the main prognostic factors for patient survival rate.Conclusions: Wide resection of tumoral mass, the whole soft tissue and lymphnodes surrounding the tumors that lead to negative surgical margin, is the principle management in the non metastatic pelvic MASSES that lead to negative surgical margin.